Despite the new test’s advantages, the MMPI-2 is more established and is still more widely used. This version takes about one-half the time to complete and has only 338 questions ( Figure). In 2008, the test was again revised, using more advanced methods, to the MMPI-2-RF. There is also a scale to ascertain risk factors for alcohol abuse. Responses are scored to produce a clinical profile composed of 10 scales: hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviance (social deviance), masculinity versus femininity, paranoia, psychasthenia (obsessive/compulsive qualities), schizophrenia, hypomania, and social introversion.
The original MMPI was based on a small, limited sample, composed mostly of Minnesota farmers and psychiatric patients the revised inventory was based on a more representative, national sample to allow for better standardization. One of the most widely used personality inventories is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), first published in 1943, with 504 true/false questions, and updated to the MMPI-2 in 1989, with 567 questions. Most personality inventories employ these types of response scales. If you’ve ever taken a survey, you are probably familiar with Likert-type scale questions. They often are called Likert scales after their developer, Rensis Likert (1932) ( Figure). They typically use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, which represent a range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).
Self-report inventories are a kind of objective test used to assess personality.
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